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Ecclesia Dei
''Ecclesia Dei'' is the incipit of the motu proprio of 2 July 1988 that Pope John Paul II issued in reaction to the consecration, in spite of an express prohibition by the Holy See, of four bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer in Écône, Switzerland, at the seminary of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), an association of priests that Archbishop Lefebvre had founded in 1970 and whose members distrusted the changes then taking place in the Church.
==Excommunication of the bishops involved==
Referring to Archbishop Lefebvre's action, the Pope declared in the motu proprio: "In itself, this act was one of ''disobedience'' to the Roman Pontiff in a very grave matter and of supreme importance for the unity of the Church, such as is the ordination of bishops whereby the apostolic succession is sacramentally perpetuated. Hence such disobedience – which implies in practice the rejection of the Roman primacy – constitutes a ''schismatic'' act (cf. ''Code of Canon Law'', can. 751). In performing such an act, notwithstanding the formal ''canonical warning'' sent to them by the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops on 17 June last, Mons. Lefebvre and the priests Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Richard Williamson and Alfonso de Galarreta have incurred the grave penalty of excommunication envisaged by ecclesiastical law (cf. ''Code of Canon Law'', can. 1382)."〔(''Ecclesia Dei'' ), 3〕
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